During gastritis, in addition to medical treatment, other methods of therapy are used - traditional methods of treatment, diet.What can be eaten with gastritis during the diet to get the effect of such treatment?
General information about gastritis diet
Gastritis treatment is usually complex and includes different diets in addition to drug therapy.Diet in gastritis means a lot, because dry food, snacks on the run (hot dogs, pizza, etc.), irregular meals, very cold or hot food, and large amounts of spices can aggravate gastritis.
A gastroenterologist determines the diet and drug treatment of gastritis according to the type of disease, disturbing symptoms and causes of the disease.Patients may complain of pain, heaviness and burning sensation in the epigastrium, feeling of fullness in the stomach, feeling of hunger after eating, vomiting, increased salivation, loss of appetite and indigestion.
The diet during gastritis, especially during the acute period, should not contain food that irritates the stomach.What diet should you follow?The prescribed diet depends on the severity of the exacerbation (attack) in the patient;In addition, the type of diet depends on the level of stomach acidity.
If you have gastritis, exclude the following foods from your diet:
- any broth;
- animal fats;
- fried, spicy food;
- smoked meat, any food;
- fatty meat and fish;
- pickled and pickled vegetables;
- mushrooms (due to difficult digestion);
- some types of cereals - corn, millet, barley, pearl barley;
- fresh berries;
- fermented milk drinks, sour cream;
- some vegetables and spices - onion, garlic, radish, radish, white cabbage;
- vinegar, ketchup, mayonnaise, pepper, spices, sauces;
- Some types of drinks - strong coffee, tea, carbonated, undiluted acidic fruit juices.
During the exacerbation of the disease, dietary nutrition contributes to the remission of the disease, so food that strongly affects the secretion and acts as an irritant is excluded from the diet.
Products that irritate the mucous membrane
Mechanical irritation is caused by:
- abundant table;
- consumption of cartilage, stringy meat, poultry skin;
- Consuming significant amounts of crude fiber, which is found in beans, radishes, raisins, currants, grapes, buckwheat and bran bread.
Fried food has the maximum mechanical effect on the gastric mucosa.Dishes prepared by baking in the oven or using a double boiler show less of this effect.
Products from the following list cause chemical irritation:
- broths, vegetable and mushroom decoctions;
- various spices;
- canned food;
- fried and smoked food (meat and fish);
- salted, pickled, pickled vegetables;
- hard boiled egg;
- tomato sauce;
- Rye bread, cakes, cakes made from butter dough - pies, cakes, pies, biscuits;
- fermented milk products;
- unripe sour fruits;
- Some types of raw vegetables - onion, garlic, radish, radish;
- Some types of drinks - strong coffee, tea, alcoholic and carbonated drinks.
The presence of extracts, organic acids, table salt, water-soluble sugars, and essential oils indicates the chemical effects that food can have on the gastrointestinal tract.
Thermal irritation is caused by very hot or very cold food - food with a temperature of less than 15°C and more than 57-62°C is irritating, and cold food taken on an empty stomach increases intestinal motility.The most acceptable food temperature is around 37-38°C.
The diet is selected according to its qualitative composition, the method of culinary processing of the products (heat treatment - frying, boiling, steaming, baking) and grinding quality.
Gentle diet and fasting
A gentle diet, in addition to eliminating irritants, includes fractional nutrition, which facilitates digestion and absorption.It is preferable to eat ground, warm, non-rough dishes that have a juice-like effect - milk, milk porridge, eggs, boiled lean fish, steamed meat.
Sometimes it is advisable to fast, because the consumption of any food causes an increase in the secretion of hydrochloric acid.During short-term abstinence from food, the acidity of the stomach decreases, the production of saliva, bile and peristalsis decreases.
The greatest effect of fasting days is observed during the exacerbation of the disease, when the complete refusal to eat is replaced by the intake of light food.With this eating schedule, toxins and waste leave the body faster.But there are contraindications for fasting - it is not used for severe weight loss, anorexia, when carrying a child, and it is not used for children.
Fasting should not start immediately with a complete refusal of food.First, they switch to light food (for example, kefir), spend 5 days on such a light diet, and then switch to fasting.
Fasting can be in two variants: with the first variant (dry fasting) drinking water is prohibited, with the second variant it is allowed to drink mineral water or just boiled water.The next day it is allowed to drink weak tea, it lasts 4-5 days.Getting out of starvation begins with the consumption of rice water and wheat crackers.Then they start eating liquid boiled oatmeal, rice and semolina porridge made with water or a small amount of milk.It is good to eat mucilaginous soups or grain broth with soup during the day.Consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits is excluded.
separate food
Food options, when the diet does not allow the simultaneous intake of fats, proteins and carbohydrates, are called separate meals.For example, meat should not be eaten with starch and green vegetables.Green vegetables can be combined with many foods: fats, proteins, grains.Confectionery (flour) and sugar are consumed separately from all food to avoid fermentation, pepper and heartburn.
By following certain nutritional principles, you can normalize digestion, metabolic processes in the body and lose weight.Properly combined food is absorbed faster, does not cause fermentation and does not produce toxic substances in the blood.
Food production rate
In order to easily digest food and remove it from the body, it is not recommended to take liquid and solid food at the same time.Liquid and ground food leave the stomach faster than solid food, so it is recommended to increase the speed of food passage during the diet.
Plums and raisins stay in the stomach for a long time;If gastritis worsens, it is not recommended to take them during the first few months.
It also affects the speed of movement of food and its type - proteins, carbohydrates or fats.Carbohydrates leave the body the fastest, followed by proteins, and only fats remain the longest.Fats have little effect on gastric juice production, but will increase the amount of time food stays in the stomach because fats are difficult to break down - the longer food stays in the stomach, the more hydrochloric acid is released.During exacerbation of the disease, it is recommended to avoid fats.
The purpose of the diet
When prescribing a diet, many factors are taken into account, including concomitant diseases of the gall bladder, pancreas and intestines.If you have a tendency to diarrhea, diet No. 4 is prescribed;In the presence of symptoms of chronic cholecystitis or pancreatitis, diet No. 5 is prescribed (except for reducing milk and fresh vegetables and fruits).The duration of the diet is selected individually.A strict diet prescribed in the acute stage is maintained for 1-2 months.But the basic rules of proper nutrition should be followed for many years.
Prescribed diets also depend on the form and course of the disease.During exacerbation of acute, erosive (ulcer) gastritis and chronic gastritis, a strict diet is prescribed;During the period of remission, the diet is slightly expanded.During any type of gastritis (superficial, hypertrophic, subatrophic, hyperplastic, hemorrhagic, catarrhal, focal, mixed reflux gastritis, etc.), alcohol, smoking, fatty, fried and spicy foods are strictly prohibited.
In case of gastritis, the goal is to restore the normal activity of the stomach, to regenerate the damaged areas of the mucosa, to normalize the activity of acidity and digestive enzymes.
What can you eat if you have acute gastritis?
In acute forms of gastritis, it is recommended not to eat on the first day;You can drink tea and mineral water.From the 2nd day, you can eat in the diet: liquid porridge (preferably oatmeal), mashed potatoes (with liquid water), soft-boiled eggs, jelly.During the period of exacerbation, a strict diet is required;As the symptoms subside, the diet is expanded.With low acidity, it is recommended to eat more food that promotes the secretion of hydrochloric acid;With high acidity, on the contrary.
| It calms the stomach | They are irritating |
| Mineral drinking water without gas, weak tea | Alcoholic and carbonated drinks |
| Weak vegetable soups | coffee, cocoa (fat-free) |
| Porridge | salty dishes |
| Well-cooked lean meat and fish | All fried, pickled, smoked dishes |
| Vegetable puree (potato, rutabaga, carrot, cauliflower) | Rich strong broths |
| cottage cheese | Preserves, spices |
| Fresh white bread | black bread |
| sugar | egg (yolk only) |
Diet in chronic gastritis
In this case, diet No. 2 is prescribed.Food should be diverse in composition;The diet should include foods that stimulate the secretion of gastric juice and increase appetite, which decreases in such patients.
Allowed and prohibited products for chronic gastritis:
| is allowed | is prohibited |
| Lean meat or fish, soups with lean broth (meat or fish) | Fatty meat and fish |
| Marinated herring, caviar (black) | Cold drinks |
| Boiled, stewed, baked vegetables, herbs - dill, parsley | fresh bread |
| Fruit and vegetable juices, soft apples | Confectionery |
| Soft-boiled egg, cheese (soft), lean ham | Lots of grapes or cabbage |
| Leftover rye bread | Salty, spicy dishes |
| Loose porridge with water or a small amount of milk | milk |
Due to the fact that patients with this form of gastritis often do not tolerate milk well, it is recommended to take fermented milk products (kefir, cottage cheese, yogurt) - fresh and in the form of casseroles or puddings.
Peculiarities of diet in hypoacidic gastritis
Eating should happen at least 5 times a day.Therapeutic nutrition is provided for 2-3 months after the acute period.It is good to supplement your diet with vitamins and minerals.
In this case, at the beginning of the exacerbation, a strict diet is followed, the goal of which is to reduce the exacerbation.After that, they begin to stimulate the secretion of gastric juice.The prescribed diet for low acidity is diet No. 2.
Table of allowed and prohibited products for low acidity (hypoacid gastritis):
| is allowed | is prohibited |
| Rabbit, chicken, lean meat in the form of meatballs, meatballs, cutlets | Fried food, baked food |
| Lean fish, fish soup | alcoholic beverages |
| Meat broths, soups - vegetables, fruits, peas | Salty, spicy dishes and spices (horseradish, pepper, mustard, garlic) |
| Vegetable purees, stews, salads from beets, carrots, potatoes, zucchini (except spinach and sorrel) | mushroom |
| Sour cream, kefir, milk, cottage cheese, cheesecakes, diluted cream, a little butter, soft cheese, steamed omelettes, soft-boiled eggs | Rough stringy, fatty meat, pork |
| Fruit juices (except grape juice), compotes, rose syrup, blackcurrant berries | raw vegetables, including radishes, radishes, onions, fresh cucumbers, sweet peppers, rutabagas, cabbage;pickled vegetables |
| Weak tea (with milk), water with lemon and sugar | Grape juice and whole grapes, prunes, raisins |
| White crackers, dry biscuits | Fresh bread, pastries |
| Porridge | Smoked products (meat and fish) |
| Jelly meat | milk |
| sweet berries (raspberries, strawberries) and ground fruits;Jam, compotes, jelly | Legumes, cereals - pearl barley, corn, barley, millet |
| Pasta | Okroshka |
It is recommended to drink mineral water 20-30 minutes before meals.
The diet is followed for about 3 weeks, it all depends on how you feel.After reducing the inflammation, you can gradually start stimulating the production of hydrochloric acid - cook stronger meat broths, sometimes eat a pickled cucumber or a piece of herring for lunch, you can eat a sandwich with granular caviar.To stimulate the production of gastric juice, you should drink lemon juice diluted with water (0.5 cups) half an hour before meals.
It is allowed to eat fried food, but without bread.It is good to get bitters from herbs - to increase appetite and taste sensations.Drinking kumis is good for discharge;Drinking kvass is not harmful, but you should not get carried away, because it increases the processes of gas formation.You can also drink coffee, but not more than 1 cup a day.
In addition, the diet is expanded and the consumption of cocoa, kefir and strong tea is allowed.If you feel well, the diet will be expanded after a few months - you can eat almost everything, but salt, spices, cabbage and grapes should not be used excessively.There should be hot dishes for breakfast and lunch.
A sample menu for the period of exacerbation of gastritis:
- Breakfast- Weak tea with milk and oatmeal;
- Second breakfast- apple (baked);
- dinner– Compote, steamed meat cutlet with buckwheat porridge as a side dish, broth with meat balls;
- Dinner- vegetable puree, cottage cheese (can be with jam);
- Before sleeping:A glass of kefir with white crackers.
Diet in hyperacid gastritis
In case of hyperacid gastritis, it is necessary to eat at certain hours, in small portions, 5-6 times a day.It is important to chew food thoroughly - crushed food does not damage the mucous membrane, and when chewing, more gastric juice and saliva are released, which helps digestion.All dishes should be minimally seasoned and salted.
The diet for the first few weeks is almost the same as during low acidity.The difference is that in gastritis with high acidity, it is useful to consume more dairy products and milk to normalize the high acidity.
If milk causes bloating or diarrhea, then it can be diluted - drink it, add tea.If this does not help, then it is replaced by slimy soups.
All food should be pureed, warm, chopped.After a few weeks, after a strict diet, food is added that has little effect on the synthesis of gastric juice.The principle of fractional nutrition is also maintained.The diet should be rich in protein to restore stomach cells.
Diet number 1 (good for weight loss) is recommended for hyperacid gastritis.Then - diet 1A up to 10 days, then - diet 1B and No. 1 (up to several months).
List of permitted and prohibited products:
| is allowed | is prohibited |
| Lean boiled meat: rabbit, chicken, pigeon.Preparations thereof, boiled or steamed, in the form of meatballs, cutlets, soufflés | Spicy, smoked and fried dishes (or baked with a crust - grilled), sausages, sausages |
| Lean fish - hake, pink salmon, cod and other seafood | Rich meat and fish broths |
| Vegetable puree, grated vegetables - young peas, potatoes, beets, carrots;Fresh cabbage juice | Coffee, tea, carbonated and alcoholic drinks, kvass, beer |
| Fruit jelly, jelly, puree (strawberry, raspberry, apple) | Blueberry, sour fruit or citrus juices |
| Porridges that cook well in water - semolina, rice, oatmeal | Tomato, garlic, onion, onion, radish, pepper, cabbage |
| Milk, fresh cottage cheese | Mustard, ginger |
| Steamed omelets, soft-boiled eggs, milk, cream, fresh cottage cheese, casserole made from it | Legumes, chocolate |
| Slime soups with the addition of ground cereals, ground milk porridges from various cereals (except millet) | Marinades, pickles, spices, salt |
| White bread crackers | Fermented milk products |
| Sugar, honey | Coffee, alcoholic beverages |
| Decoction of rose hips with sugar, tea (milk or cream) | black bread |
It is recommended to drink Borjomi alkaline mineral water (1 glass) one hour before eating.
Crackers dried in the oven are allowed to replace fresh brown bread.It is recommended to add vegetable oil to dishes to speed up the healing process of mucosal damage that occurs in this type of gastritis.
Menu for exacerbation:
- breakfast - steam omelette, ground milk porridge (oatmeal), tea with milk;
- second breakfast - milk with crackers;
- Lunch - puree soup from a mixture of potatoes and carrots, steamed meat cutlet with a side dish of mashed potatoes, fruit jelly;
- Afternoon snack - a glass of milk.
- Dinner - boiled fish with a side dish of carrot and beetroot puree, tea with milk;
- At night - a glass of milk.
Food recipes
For ease of preparation, taking into account the allowed foods, they create a menu of dietary dishes for the week.It is very convenient and complies with the rules of the gentle cooking method when cooking in a slow cooker.
Mucous soups are used during exacerbation and pain.Milk soups are used in diets 1A and 1B.More often these are cereal soups made with milk diluted with water (1:1).Mashed soups are made with cereals, potatoes and carrots are added, after which everything is pureed and a little oil is added.
It is better to use the kitchen (steamed or in a water bath) to prepare the main dishes.This is how they prepare omelets, puddings, sauces, etc.The meat is finely boiled (to remove extractive substances from it), then the broth is drained and the meat is boiled in fresh water.
Examples of recipes for foods allowed during the diet:
First courses
Creamy Pumpkin Soup Controversy
Boil zucchini and potatoes and blend in a blender.Bring to the desired texture with vegetable broth, salt, add cream and finely chopped dill.
Glutinous rice soup with minced chicken (breast) and cream
Grind the cooked chicken fillet in a blender.The puree is mixed with rice water, salted a little and boiled.Cool the soup to 70 °C, add the egg cream mixture and beat.
Second courses:
Turkey cutlet
Shredded turkey is salted, butter and wheat bread soaked in milk are added.Form into cutlets and steam.
Delicious dietary desserts:
Rice pudding with apples
Cook rice porridge, add grated apple, yolk and sugar.Beat the obtained mass and add pre-beaten protein.Place in molds and bake for at least half an hour.Fruit jelly is poured over the finished pudding.
Cottage cheese soup
Beat curd, yolk, semolina, milk and cream.Add the whipped whites to the mixture and mix gently.The obtained mass is evaporated in the mold.