Pancreatitis is one of the most serious diseases of the digestive system.There are acute and chronic pancreatitis, each of these types has its own characteristics and treatment methods.
Pancreatitis is one of the most serious diseases of the digestive system.There are acute and chronic pancreatitis, each of these types has its own characteristics and treatment methods.
But one thing is constant about pancreatitis: the old lifestyle and diet will remain in the past, because the basis of treatment of pancreatitis is an almost continuous diet.Pancreas does not forgive mistakes in nutrition, it immediately reacts with pains and digestive disorders.
The basics of pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is an acquired disease;It develops as a result of abdominal trauma, viral damage to the pancreas, damage to the liver and gall bladder, after poisoning with alcohol and other toxic substances, frequent and severe eating disorders - prolonged fasting, diet for weight loss.
The main symptoms of pancreatitis are:
- Abdominal pain - sharp, dagger-like, almost to the point of loss of consciousness in acute pancreatitis, or dull or painful in the chronic version;
- nausea and vomiting;
- Intestinal disorders, often severe diarrhea, fever;
- Sudden weight loss.
Acute pancreatitis is usually hospitalized.Chronic exacerbations can be treated at home, but only under the supervision of a doctor.Self-medication in pancreatitis is dangerous due to the development of complications, including pancreatic necrosis (enzymatic melting of the gland tissue, self-digestion of the gland) and the development of peritonitis, which is fatal.
Therapeutic nutrition in pancreatitis
Treatment, enzyme and dietary therapy for pancreatitis is selected by the doctor, based on the patient's condition and test data.However, the general principles of diet correction always remain approximately the same.They relax digestion and pancreas, which means they reduce pain and normalize well-being.
Nutrition for pancreatitis is severely limited - most ordinary foods should be forgotten.It is necessary to eat often, about 5-6 times a day - once every 2.5-3 hours, with an 8-hour sleep break.But the portions should be small in volume - about 200-250 g, especially after the first exacerbation of the disease.
All dishes are mechanically processed - almost all of them are served pureed.Then, as the inflammation subsides, larger particles appear in the food, but the food must be chewed thoroughly.
Since the whole body suffers from insufficient supply of nutrients during pancreatitis,It is necessary to increase the protein component of the diet (meat, fish, dairy products) - to an average of 140-150 g of protein per day.
But fats and carbohydrates, which greatly stress the pancreas, are limited to a minimum.Carbohydrates about 300 g per day, fats - no more than 70-80 g.
products that have the effect of juice - meat and fish broths, cabbage juice and decoctions are removed from the diet;For the duration of a severe painful attack, therapeutic fasting is recommended for 1-2 days under the supervision of a doctor.
If you have pancreatitis, you need to drink more fluids -It is recommended to drink up to 2 liters of clean water per day, taking 2-3 sips of water approximately every half hour throughout the day.
Naturally, with pancreatitis, it is necessary to completely stop smoking and drinking alcohol.They are the strongest provocateurs of seizures.
What should be excluded?
The list of prohibited products will become quite impressive and can be overwhelming at first.However, without following these restrictions, relief can take a very long time.Gradually, you can carefully expand your diet, following the general principles of proper nutrition.
So, for the entire acute period or the moment of exacerbation of the chronic process, you should exclude:
- Beetroot soup, cabbage soup and borscht, okroshka, soups with meat, mushroom and fish broths, the broths themselves;
- fatty meat - pork, lamb, goose and duck;
- Offal - kidneys, heart, brain, liver;
- fried, smoked, salted and spicy dishes;
- canned food;
- Sausage
- fatty fish (hake, star sturgeon, sturgeon, carp);Caviar
- lard, margarine, mayonnaise;
- Fat milk dishes - cream, sour cream, koumiss;
- yolks, boiled eggs;
- millet, corn, barley, bean side dishes;
- cabbage, turnip, radish, rutabaga, eggplant, onion and garlic, sorrel, cucumber, tomato and bell pepper;
- citrus fruits, apples (sour varieties), grapes, pomegranates, blueberries;
- chocolate, jam;
- hot potatoes, sauces, marinades, vinegar, ketchup;
- All carbonated drinks, even mineral water (only without gas);
- strong tea and coffee, juices, cocoa;
- All fresh breads and pastries, pancakes, pies, cookies.
As you can see, the list of restrictions is quite long, but this is only for the duration of the acute process.Then you can gradually expand the diet a little, but you will have to forget about annoying and "heavy" dishes almost forever.
what can you eat
This is the first question that arises after reading the list of prohibitions.Of course, the diet is not very diverse, but it is aimed at keeping the pancreas at rest and removing inflammation.
Allowed:
- dry yesterday's bread, crackers;
- vegetable, noodle soups;
- Steamed meat dishes and poultry meat - cutlets, meatballs, rolls, pates, meat purees;
- Boiled fish fillet (low fat), baked fish, omelette;
- milk, cottage cheese, low-fat and soft cheese, kefir;
- vegetable and butter (in porridge) oils;
- vegetable puree and stewed, boiled vegetables;
- pasta, noodles, cereals - oatmeal, semolina, buckwheat, rice;
- sugar-free baked fruits (pears, apples, peaches, plums);
- compote, jelly, jelly;
- Rose decoction, herbal tea, bran drink.
Of course, the diet is limited, but in agreement with the doctor, you will gradually expand your menu.
Sample menu
It should be remembered that this menu can be used at home when the exacerbation subsides;In the acute stage of pancreatitis, fasting and gradual introduction of food is prescribed.When planning a diet, remember: there should be at least five meals that are approximately equal in calories and digestive load.
Pancreatitis menu for 5 days
day one
- Breakfast: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 crackers of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (yet!).
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken cutlet - 100 g, omelet - 100 g, dry white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Dinner: vegetable soup - 200 ml, boiled fish - 100 g, zucchini puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, rose hip decoction - 200 ml, a third of a banana.
- Afternoon breakfast: fruit jelly - 100 g, low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: oatmeal - 200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meat - 2 pcs., weak tea with milk, a piece of dark bread.
day two
- Breakfast: buckwheat porridge - 200 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of tea with milk.
- Second breakfast: steamed beef cutlet - 100 g, carrot souffle - 200 g, dry white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of dried fruit compote.
- Lunch: noodle soup - 200 ml, boiled chicken - 100 g, vegetable puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, mineral water - 200 ml, half a baked pear.
- Afternoon breakfast: apple sauce - 200 g, mineral water - 200 ml, Maria biscuit - 100 g.
- Dinner: mashed potatoes - 200 g, low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, sandwich with cheese (30 g of cheese, a piece of fried bread), weak tea with milk, a slice of dark bread.
day three
- Breakfast: pumpkin and pumpkin puree - 100-150 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (yet!).
- Second breakfast: low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, half a baked pear, dry white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml compote.
- Dinner: Broccoli soup - 200 ml, boiled meat, mashed into puree - 100 g, mashed potatoes - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, chamomile tea - 200 ml.
- Afternoon breakfast: vegetable stew - 200 g, cheese - 50 g, mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge - 200 g, kefir - 200 g, half a banana, a slice of white bread.
Day four
- Breakfast: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 crackers of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (yet!).
- Second breakfast: rice porridge - 200 g, dry white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: vegetable soup - 200 ml, boiled fish - 100 g, carrot puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, rose hip decoction - 200 ml, a third of a banana.
- Afternoon breakfast: omelet - 100 g, baked sweet apple, mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: oatmeal - 200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meat - 2 pcs., weak tea with milk, a piece of dark bread.
day five
- Breakfast: oatmeal - 200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meat - 2 pcs., weak tea with milk, a piece of dark bread.
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken cutlet - 100 g, omelet - 100 g, dry white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Dinner: pasta soup - 200 ml, steamed fish cutlet - 100 g, pumpkin puree with carrots - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, rose hip decoction - 200 ml, Maria cookies - 2 pcs.
- Afternoon breakfast: baked fruit - 100 g, low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 crackers of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (yet!).
If you follow the doctor's recommendations, strictly adhere to the diet and follow all the instructions, you can quickly achieve relief.But a fairly strict diet with "heavy" food restrictions will last from 3 to 6 months.And then you will have to constantly limit fatty foods, fried foods, spices and canned foods.